This study aimed to determine whether debarking of Norway spruce stumps influences the intensity of their colonization by insects. The observed stumps of Picea abies (L. ) H Karst were located in the eastern Sudety Mountains at elevations between 600 and 1000 meters above sea level (masl) on clear-cut areas where large-diameter timber and small logging slash had been harvested. https://proozya.shop/product-category/essential-oils/