These controversies concerning the relationships between citizenship pressure, OCBs and CCBs could be due to ways that OCBs are measured. From the literature, OCBs have generally been outlined as spontaneous behaviours and rated by colleagues or leaders (e.g.2). Other-rated measurements are struggling to identify the behavioural motivations fundamental OCBs1,11. This https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ZsO9iQ1SGS4